主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分及特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)(shi)铁(tie)、铬(ge)(ge)、镍等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)元素(su)(su)。其中，铬(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)元素(su)(su)，一(yi)(yi)般含(han)量在(zai)(zai) 10.5% 以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上。当铬(ge)(ge)含(han)量达到一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)时，会(hui)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)表面(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)层致密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化铬(ge)(ge)薄膜，这(zhei)层薄膜可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阻止(zhi)氧(yang)气(qi)和(he)(he)水与(yu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材内部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)铁(tie)接触，从而防(fang)止(zhi)生锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。镍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加入则可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提高(gao)(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，尤其是(shi)(shi)对耐(nai)(nai)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)碱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)显著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改善作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)强：这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)最(zui)突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之一(yi)(yi)。它(ta)(ta)能(neng)(neng)(neng)够(gou)抵抗(kang)大气(qi)、水、酸、碱、盐等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介质的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)环境条件下都能(neng)(neng)(neng)保持较(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稳定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)生锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)和(he)(he)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)，延长(zhang)了(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)寿命(ming)。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)，在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)外立面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)装(zhuang)(zhuang)饰(shi)(shi)中，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)长(zhang)期抵御风雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)，保持光亮(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外观(guan)。 强度(du)高(gao)(gao)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)强度(du)和(he)(he)硬(ying)度(du)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)够(gou)承受较(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)压(ya)力和(he)(he)重量而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变形(xing)。同时，它(ta)(ta)还具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)断(duan)裂，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)些需要(yao)(yao)(yao)承受较(jiao)(jiao)大外力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)场(chang)合(he)，如(ru)(ru)机械制(zhi)造、航空航天等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)领域得到了(le)广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)易(yi)(yi)于加工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通过切割、弯曲、冲压(ya)、焊接等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)方式，制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)状(zhuang)和(he)(he)尺(chi)寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)品(pin)，满足不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同行(xing)业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)，在(zai)(zai)厨具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)造中，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)将不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)锅(guo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)各种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)状(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产品(pin)。 外观(guan)美观(guan)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)光亮(liang)(liang)、整洁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)装(zhuang)(zhuang)饰(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。其表面(mian)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)进行(xing)多种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)处理，如(ru)(ru)抛光、拉(la)丝、磨砂等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)获(huo)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外观(guan)效果，广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于建筑(zhu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)饰(shi)(shi)、家(jia)居用(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)领域，为产品(pin)增添(tian)美观(guan)和(he)(he)时尚感(gan)。 分类 按组织状(zhuang)态分类 奥氏体不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)：这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)常(chang)见的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)类型，其组织主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)为奥氏体相(xiang)(xiang)。具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、韧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，无磁性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，低(di)温性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)优异。典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌号(hao)有(you) 304、316 等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于食品(pin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、医疗设备、建筑(zhu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)饰(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)领域。 铁(tie)素(su)(su)体不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)：组织以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)铁(tie)素(su)(su)体为主(zhu)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)较(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)抗(kang)氧(yang)化性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，强度(du)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，但韧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)(xiang)对较(jiao)(jiao)差，有(you)磁性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。常(chang)见的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌号(hao)有(you) 430 等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于厨房用(yong)(yong)(yong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、家(jia)电外壳等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。 马氏体不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)：这(zhei)类不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)在(zai)(zai)淬火后能(neng)(neng)(neng)获(huo)得马氏体组织，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)强度(du)、硬(ying)度(du)和(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，但耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)对较(jiao)(jiao)弱。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、医疗器械等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)对硬(ying)度(du)和(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产品(pin)，典型牌号(hao)有(you) 420、440 等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。 按化学成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分分类 铬(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)：主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)含(han)有(you)铬(ge)(ge)元素(su)(su)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，适(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于一(yi)(yi)些对耐(nai)(nai)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)场(chang)合(he)。 铬(ge)(ge)镍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)：同时含(han)有(you)铬(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)镍元素(su)(su)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)综合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，是(shi)(shi)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)广(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)类型。如(ru)(ru) 304 不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)，含(han)铬(ge)(ge)约 18%、含(han)镍约 8%，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)优异的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，被广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于各种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)领域。